湖北省一次强雹暴闪电和雷达回波特征分析     

苟阿宁  王晓玲  钟敏  罗辉 《气象与环境学报》2015,(3):7-14

利用湖北省闪电定位系统监测资料与武汉市多普勒天气雷达资料同步叠加,对2010年4月12日湖北省东南部地区一次强对流过程的两个致灾雹暴单体进行分析。结果表明：雹暴生消的不同阶段,正地闪和负地闪频数及在雷达回波中的分布呈不同的变化特征,通过地闪频次和地闪在雷达回波中位置的变化可以识别雹暴生命史演变的不同阶段。雹暴Ⅰ产生小冰雹,是一个普通对流单体,闪电以负地闪为主,闪电频率最大为15次·（6 min）－1;正地闪落在风暴发展和消亡阶段,负地闪主要落在35—55 dBz强回波边缘,零星正地闪分布在强回波周围层状云中,雹暴移动路径前侧的负地闪对雹暴移动有一定的指示意义。雹暴Ⅱ是一个典型超级单体,产生直径超过3 cm的大冰雹,闪电频率最大为44次·（6 min）－1,风暴成熟阶段正地闪活跃,16—17时正地闪频繁出现时间与大冰雹持续时间一致;负地闪与25—55 dBz强回波区域吻合较好,正地闪分布在强回波30—55 dBz中心及层状云边缘。对比地闪频数和雹暴成熟阶段的回波强度可以发现,降雹均出现在风暴的成熟阶段,小冰雹发生时地闪频数下降幅度较小,大冰雹发生时地闪频数下降幅度较大,且正地闪比例明显增大。  相似文献   

Distinction and grain-size characteristics of intertidal heterolithic deposits in the middle Qiantang Estuary (East China Sea)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Daidu Fan  Shuai Shang  Guofu Cai  Junbiao Tu 《Geo-Marine Letters》2015,35(3):161-174

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汶川大地震四种仪器观测到的异常现象及相关问题讨论     

张鸿旭  欧阳祖熙  付子忠  勾波  江娃利 《地球物理学进展》2011,26(1):99-109

本文介绍了中国地震局地壳应力研究所研制的数字倾斜仪、断层形变仪、分量式钻孔应变仪和地热仪在5.12汶川大地震前观测到的异常资料.这些仪器出现异常的时间和幅度不同.其中,位于震中区什邡的数字倾斜仪在震前15天出现突变异常,异常幅度达到2007年年变化幅度的3.7倍.位于南北带南段彝良的倾斜仪的观测数据在震前18～22天发...  相似文献   

Temporal variations in aerosol composition at Lanzhou City,Northwestern China     

Feng She  YiFan Cheng  ShiGong Wang  YongTao Guo  JinYan Wang  MinJing M  KeZheng Shang 《寒旱区科学》2011,3(3):0252-0263

Although Lanzhou is one of the most heavily polluted cities in China, the composition of its air pollutants have not yet been studied in detail. The data of four months on the concentrations and compositions of ions from daily air-filter samples in the winter and spring during 2007–2008 were analyzed to investigate temporal trends and their possible causes. The results indicate that mean concentrations of almost all the aerosol components are greater in winter than in spring due to stronger emissions in winter and weaker localized dispersion. Spring dust storms are the major cause of the highest peak PM10 concentrations recorded during the study period; however, these elevated levels were transient. Ion concentrations related to coal combustion show the greatest reduction from winter to spring, while the concentrations of strong crustal components show a less-pronounced reduction. Strong cycles in the levels of particulate matter (PM) and all ions are also observed during the winter months due to meteorological conditions. Depending on the season, nine different ions accounted for 20%–50% of the PM concentration. The particle size of polluting ions was constant at times of increasing PM concentrations (particularly during winter), whereas the particle size of crustal ions increased dramatically during spring dust storms. Local meteorological conditions (especially wind speed) have a strong influence on the levels of pollutants. Four dust storms were noted, including one during winter. In summary, the regional transport of desert dust from the Gobi can significantly affect air quality and the chemical composition of aerosols in Lanzhou. The dust storms can strongly increase concentration of crustal ions, which are characteristics of deserts in northwestern China. This observation is in agreement with back-trajectories, which show reduced levels of pollutant ions during dust storms. Data on nitrate:sulfate ratios indicate that stationary point sources are the main source of ions rather than mobile sources.  相似文献   

2003年北极科考期间一次极涡个例天气学分析     

隋翠娟  孙兰涛  孟上  王咏亮  吴辉碇 《海洋学报》2010,32(4):51-61

2003年9月3日到14日,"雪龙"号考察船进入北冰洋楚科奇海观测期间,正值一次典型的北极极涡环流过程形成和发展。以往研究大多集中于极涡的平均水平环流特征和季节变化,该例为我们研究它的瞬时环流形势和特征提供了条件。利用NCEP全球分析资料及第二次北极科考资料对这次个例进行天气学分析,通过描述极涡个例的发展情况,平流层、对流层的环流特征以及二者之间的关系,并分析卫星遥感图像及"雪龙"号考察船的气象资料,分析结果发现:2003年中国第二次北极科考期间经历的极涡形成和发展,典型地表现出极地冬夏环流型的转换过程。首先在平流层发生,然后向对流层传播,该个例是一次在平流层西退加强,在对流层东移南下的过程。  相似文献   

精密全站仪性能测试与分析     

齐冬梅  蔡东健  勾启泰 《测绘通报》2010,(2)

对多种典型观测条件下仪器的稳定性进行全面的测试和分析,对陆地和水域两个大地四边形控制网的实测精度进行综合测试和分析,并对仪器的夜间观测性能进行测试比较。结果表明,在通常情况下仪器的稳定性良好,达到了仪器标称的各项性能指标,能够满足精密工程测量的需求。  相似文献   

Calculating actual crop evapotranspiration under soil water stress conditions with appropriate numerical methods and time step     

Songhao Shang 《水文研究》2012,26(22):3338-3343

Calculation of actual crop evapotranspiration under soil water stress conditions is crucial for hydrological modeling and irrigation water management. Results of actual evapotranspiration depend on the estimation of water stress coefficient from soil water storage in the root zone, which varies with numerical methods and time step used. During soil water depletion periods without irrigation or precipitation, the actual crop evapotranspiration can be calculated by an analytical method and various numerical methods. We compared the results from several commonly used numerical methods, including the explicit, implicit and modified Euler methods, the midpoint method, and the Heun's third‐order method, with results of the analytical method as the bench mark. Results indicate that relative errors of actual crop evapotranspiration calculated with numerical methods in one time step are independent of the initial soil water storage in the range of soil water stress. Absolute values of relative error decrease with the order of numerical methods. They also decrease with the number of time step, which can ensure the numerical stability of successive simulation of soil water balance. Considering the calculation complexity and calculation errors caused by numerical approximation for different time step and maximum crop evapotranspiration, the explicit Euler method is recommended for the time step of 1 day (d) or 2 d for maximum crop evapotranspiration less than 5 mm/d, the midpoint method or the modified Euler method for the time step of up to one week or 10 d for maximum crop evapotranspiration less than 5 mm/d, and the Heun's third‐order method for the time step of up to 15 d. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Tests and applications of an approach to absorbing reflected waves towards incident boundary     

张洪生  王炎  许春辉  商辉  于小伟 《中国海洋工程》2013,27(6):703-718

If the upstream boundary conditions are prescribed based on the incident wave only, the time-dependent numerical models cannot effectively simulate the wave field when the physical or spurious reflected waves become significant. This paper describes carefully an approach to specifying the incident wave boundary conditions combined with a set sponge layer to absorb the reflected waves towards the incident boundary. Incorporated into a time-dependent numerical model, whose governing equations are the Boussinesq-type ones, the effectiveness of the approach is studied in detail. The general boundary conditions, describing the down-wave boundary conditions are also generalized to the case of random waves. The numerical model is in detail examined. The test cases include both the normal one-dimensional incident regular or random waves and the two-dimensional oblique incident regular waves. The calculated results show that the present approach is effective on damping the reflected waves towards the incident wave boundary.  相似文献   

高浓度气体共振光声光谱信号饱和特性研究     

袁长迎  炎正馨  蒙瑰  李智慧  尚丽平 《海洋学报》2010,32(10):6908-6913

采用恒流驱动耦合机械斩波技术在激光光声光谱装置上系统测量了5%—100%宽浓度范围甲烷气体的共振光声信号,发现在高浓度区共振光声信号呈现异常的饱和特征.基于气体吸收和光声光谱原理定量分析了光声信号饱和的主要原因及影响因素,研究表明,气体样本对入射光强吸收而导致的声源与本征共振模式的耦合系数改变是异常饱和的主要原因,并导出判定光声信号饱和深度的准则以用于判定高浓度气体饱和深度.  相似文献   

徐淮地区斑井岩体锆石U-Pb测年、岩石成因及其地质意义     

周虎  尚德锋  产思维  陈俊 《矿物岩石》2019,39(3):9-16

斑井岩体位于徐淮推覆体中北部皇藏峪复背斜北段西翼,由于研究重点和关注度不同,对其成因类型及年代学特征研究较少。故此,本次研究将依托于钻孔XZK01中的7个岩石样品,通过大量的主微量元素地球化学分析及锆石U-Pb年代学分析,深入探讨斑井岩体的成因机制、形成年代及其地质意义。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学分析结果揭示斑井岩体的结晶年龄为126.4Ma±2.1Ma,侵位时代为中生代早白垩世,为地球动力学背景转变期间形成的岩体。本次6个样品的主量元素分析结果中w(SiO2)变化范围为56.54%~59.29%,全碱w(Na2O+K2O)变化范围为4.98%~5.68%,为中性岩;里特曼组合指数σ介于1.77~1.98之间,σ<3.3,属于钙碱性岩。其次,该组样品微量元素w(Sr)介于589×10^-6~728×10^-6之间,平均值为659×10^-6;w(Y)介于11.3×10^-6~12.8×10^-6之间,平均值为12.1×10^-6;w(Yb)介于1.13×10^-6~1.4×10^-6之间,平均值为1.23×10^-6;w(Cr)介于100×10^-6~660×10^-6之间,平均为377×10^-6;Mg#值介于47.17~68.14之间,平均值为58.21。该结果指示斑井岩体具富Sr,Sr/Y,贫Y,Yb的特征,指示其源区具有高压的环境,Mg#的变化特征揭示斑井岩体并非来自下地壳镁铁质岩石部分熔融,且w(Cr)的变化特征指示地幔橄榄岩也可能参与其中。此外,LREE/HREE介于6.91~10.98之间,平均值为8.895;LaN/YbN值在7.68~12.95之间,平均值为10.17,为轻稀土较强富集;大离子亲石元素Rb(23.9×10^-6~44.8×10^-6),K(11373×10^-6~14610.6×10^-6),Ba(513×10^-6~694×10^-6),Th(1.5×10^-6~2.5×10^-6),U(0.51×10^-6~0.79×10^-6)相对富集;高场强元素Nb(3.2×10^-6~4.7×10^-6),Ti(3056.7×10^-6~3536.2×10^-6)等表现出明显负异常。  相似文献